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-
- BAT-HINT # 2
-
- **************************************************************************
-
- from the BATHINTS library... part of the BATPOWER CONFERENCE from:
-
- THE PAINFRAME OPUS/FIDO 261/1004
-
- Baltimore, Maryland 1-301-488-7461
-
- **************************************************************************
-
- The ECHO and REM commands
-
- The ECHO command has several interesting features and performs in a
- specific manner under a variety of conditions:
-
- 1. The ECHO command is normally used to inhibit the display of
- batch file command lines. Most batch files start with the command:
-
- ECHO OFF
-
- The same command isuued at the DOS prompt will also inhibit the
- display of the DOS prompt.
-
- 2. If a batch file is called from another batch file when ECHO was off
- in the first batch file, ECHO will also be turned off in the second
- batch file, unless the second batch file is called as a string
- after loading another command processor (see BAT-HINT #1 for an
- explanation of secondary command processors). For example, in the
- first two examples shown below, echo will automatically be off
- in the second batch file:
-
- FIRST.BAT SECOND.BAT
-
- echo off ....
- .... ....
- .... ....
- ....
- second
-
- In the following two examples, ECHO will be on in the second batch
- file:
-
- FIRST.BAT SECOND.BAT
-
- echo off ....
- .... ....
- .... ....
- ....
- command /c second
- ....
- ....
-
- where .... is meant to represent any other command on a line.
-
- 3. When ECHO is off, remarks entered after the PAUSE command are not
- displayed. When ECHO is on, the PAUSE command may be followed by a
- remark that will be diplayed on the monitor (along with the word
- pause!).
-
- The REM command in DOS is very simple. It simply displays a remark entered
- after the REM command. If ECHO is on, the remark (and the word REM!) are
- displayed. If echo is off, neither the remark nor the REM command are
- displayed. It is useful for including explanatory remarks in batch files.
- Remarks can be entered in another way however. Since DOS does not display
- batch file command lines starting with a colon (:), preceeding a command
- line or a remark will inhibit the display and execution of that command
- line. Normally the colon is used to identify a batch file label. However,
- the colon can be of great use in the development of batch files and for
- troubleshooting the execution of batch files. For example, if the bat file
- shown below (sample.bat) was used to load several memory resident programs
- (memres1, memres2, memres3) and a problem was encountered when trying to
- perform some other function, the command lines in question could be hidden
- from execution by inserting a colon in front of the command line. The
- system could then be rebooted and the bat file run with one line hidden to
- test the effect of loading that memres program (memres2 in sample.bat shown
- below). Using the colon in this manner, one need only remove the colon,
- rather than retyping the command line over again, to restore the bat file
- to its original sequence of commands.
-
- SAMPLE.BAT
-
- echo off
- cd\memprog
- memres1
- :memres2
- memres3
- cd\
-
- Beware however that if the bat file in question contains sveral goto
- commands and :labels, the inclusion of unreferenced labels in this manner
- will slow the execution of the batch file. Furthermore, care should be
- taken to avoid a conflict between the first eight letters of referenced
- labels and the first eight letters of command lines hidden with a colon
- (unreferenced labels). Users of DOS 2.X should use a single period (.)
- rather than a colon, in the example shown above.
-
- ******************************************************* David Creasey